![]() As it crash-landed, the wide-body craft cartwheeled off the runway and caught fire, and it was considered something of a miracle that 185 passengers aboard survived. What followed for 296 people aboard was a horrific ordeal as the captain, Alfred Haynes, struggled to land at a nearby airport. United Airlines flight 232 was en route from Denver to Chicago on Jwhen the engine in the tail of the DC-10 suffered engine failure, severing the plane’s hydraulic lines and rendering the plane virtually uncontrollable. “Without, it’s a cinch we wouldn’t have made it.” “It’s really paid off,” says United captain Al Haynes, who in 1989 remarkably managed to crash-land a crippled DC-10 at Sioux City, Iowa, by varying engine thrust. Abandoning the traditional “the captain is God” airline hierarchy, CRM emphasized teamwork and communication among the crew, and it has since become the industry standard. ![]() In response, United revamped its cockpit training procedures around the then-new concept of Cockpit Resource Management (CRM). The DC-8 ran out of fuel and crashed in a suburb, killing 10. Although gently warned of the rapidly diminishing fuel supply by the flight engineer on board, the captain-later described by one investigator as “an arrogant S.O.B.”-waited too long to begin his final approach. On December 28, 1978, United Flight 173, a DC-8 approaching Portland, Oregon, with 181 passengers, circled near the airport for an hour as the crew tried in vain to sort out a landing gear problem. Since then, no small plane has collided with an airliner in flight in the U.S. The FAA subsequently required small aircraft entering control areas to use transponders, or electronic devices that broadcast position and altitude to controllers.Īdditionally, airliners were required to have TCAS II collision-avoidance systems, which detect potential collisions with other transponder-equipped aircraft and advise pilots to climb or dive in response. However, further improvements would be implemented after a small private plane wandered into the Los Angeles terminal control area on Aug, striking an Aeromexico DC-9 and killing 86 people. The crash also triggered the creation of the Federal Aviation Agency (now Administration) in 1958 to oversee air safety. The accident spurred a $250 million upgrade of the air traffic control (ATC) system, which was serious money in those days. All 128 passengers and crew aboard both flights were killed. In the skies above the Grand Canyon on June 30, 1956, two planes that had recently taken off from Los Angeles International Airport-a United Airlines Douglas DC-7 headed to Chicago and a Trans World Airlines Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation on its way to Kansas City-collided. Upgrade: Collision avoidance and a better Air Traffic Control
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